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Showing posts from April, 2025

How to use gdb in Ubuntu Terminal

Here's a practical, minimal guide for using GDB in Ubuntu terminal — from launching to setting breakpoints and navigating your code. 🧰 Step 1: Compile with Debug Symbols Use -g and disable optimizations ( -O0 preferred for debugging): bash Copy Edit g++ -g -O0 -o myprog myprog.cpp πŸš€ Step 2: Launch GDB bash Copy Edit gdb ./myprog You'll see a (gdb) prompt. 🎯 Step 3: Set Breakpoints You can set breakpoints in three main ways : ✅ a. At a function gdb Copy Edit (gdb) break main ✅ b. At a specific file and line gdb Copy Edit (gdb) break myprog.cpp:42 ✅ c. At a method in a class gdb Copy Edit (gdb) break MyClass::doSomething If the symbol is mangled (C++), GDB usually demangles automatically, especially if compiled with -g . ▶️ Step 4: Run the Program gdb Copy Edit (gdb) run 🧭 Step 5: Navigate Command Meaning next or n Step over current line step or s Step into function call finish Run until current function returns continue or c Continue until...

Inert gas in Earth's atmosphere: Discussion with chatGpt

Query: Neon gas is a inert gas. And in tubelight mostly they fill in this gas. But is this gas so much available in earth atmosphere so that it can fill so many tubelights? ChatGPT said: Great question! You're absolutely right— neon is a noble (inert) gas , and it's indeed used in certain types of gas-discharge lighting, especially "neon lights" (the bright red-orange ones you often see in signs). However, neon is not the gas typically used in regular household or office tube lights , like fluorescent lamps. Let's clear up a few points: 1. Which gas is used in tubelights (fluorescent lamps)? In standard tubelights (fluorescent lamps), the tube is usually filled with: Argon gas (or sometimes a mix of argon and a bit of krypton), Plus a small amount of mercury vapor . When electricity excites the mercury vapor, it emits ultraviolet (UV) light , which hits the phosphor coating inside the tube , causing it to glow in visible light. So: Neon is not typ...

Countries in world which have similar weather conditions as in West Bengal, India? (chatGpt discussions)

Query: countries in world which have similar weather conditions as in west bengal, india?  ChatGPT said: Got it — you want a global list of regions with similar weather to West Bengal, India . First, let’s quickly define West Bengal’s climate: Type: Mostly tropical wet-dry (Aw in KΓΆppen climate classification), but humid subtropical (Cwa) in some parts (like Kolkata and north). Summer: Very hot and humid (April–June). Monsoon: Heavy rainfall (June–September). Winter: Mild and dry (December–February). Regions similar to West Bengal around the world: πŸ‡§πŸ‡© South Asia: Bangladesh — Entire country (especially Dhaka, Chittagong) Northeast India — Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya (similar, but heavier rain) Myanmar (Burma) — Lower Myanmar (Yangon, Naypyidaw) Sri Lanka — (Western/southern parts like Colombo, Galle — but slightly more maritime) Southern Pakistan — Sindh (Karachi gets hotter and drier though) 🌏 Southeast Asia: Thailand — Cent...

Regarding "Tardigrade" - Discussions with chatGpt

Query: can tardigrade be seen with naked eyes? ChatGPT said: Not really — tardigrades are tiny ! Most of them are about 0.3 to 0.5 millimeters long, so they are just at the edge of visibility to the naked eye if you're really sharp-eyed and the lighting is perfect. But even then, they'd just look like tiny specks, not like the adorable "water bears" you see in microscope pictures. Usually, you need at least a basic microscope to actually see their body shape and details clearly. Want me to show you a size comparison diagram too? πŸ“πŸ‘€ 4o You said: can it be seen with lens? ChatGPT said: Yes, definitely! πŸ” With a hand lens (like a simple magnifying glass, around 10× magnification or higher), you might be able to spot a tardigrade as a tiny moving dot if you know where to look — like on moss , lichen , or wet soil . But to really see its shape — those little legs and that chunky body — you usually need a microscope with about 20× to 40× magnification at leas...