Blog - Mohit Kumar Gupta: 2024

libzip, libcurl, libwebsockets, jansson json, gsl what other good libraries in C? (chatGpt discussions)

libzip, libcurl, libwebsockets, jansson json, gsl what other good libraries in C?

Here’s a list of other useful libraries in C, categorized by their purpose, that can complement the ones you mentioned:

1. Networking and Protocols

libuv: A multi-platform asynchronous I/O library, used for network operations and file system interactions. Powers Node.js.
asio: While more known in C++, it has a C API for network programming (TCP, UDP, etc.).
libevent: Provides asynchronous event notification for network services and supports multi-threading.
ZeroMQ: High-performance asynchronous messaging library for building scalable distributed systems.

2. Compression and Archiving

zlib: A popular and highly efficient compression library.
bzip2: Another compression library, focused on higher compression ratios than zlib.
LZ4: An extremely fast compression library, optimized for speed rather than compression ratio.
zstd (Zstandard): A fast and efficient compression algorithm with adjustable levels of compression.

3. Database and Storage

SQLite: A C library for embedded databases. It’s lightweight and widely used.
LevelDB: A fast key-value storage library developed by Google, suitable for large-scale data.
LMDB (Lightning Memory-Mapped Database): A fast, memory-mapped, key-value store database, highly efficient for embedded systems.
Redis C API: Access to Redis databases through C with their native API.

4. Cryptography and Security

OpenSSL: One of the most widely used libraries for SSL/TLS, and general cryptographic operations.
libsodium: A modern, easy-to-use cryptography library, designed to improve upon NaCl (Networking and Cryptography Library).
mbedTLS: A lightweight cryptographic and SSL/TLS library for small devices.
bcrypt: Hashing library for secure password hashing.

5. Concurrency and Multithreading

pthreads: The POSIX thread library, widely used for multithreading on Unix-like systems.
C11 Threads: The standard threading API in C11, though not widely adopted everywhere yet.
TinyCThread: A portable, minimalist C library implementing the C11 threading standard.

6. Data Structures and Algorithms

uthash: A hash table library for C that is easy to integrate and use.
sds (Simple Dynamic Strings): A powerful string library used by Redis.
Klib: A small, lightweight collection of hash tables, dynamic arrays, and other utilities.
glib: Part of the GNOME project, providing data structures (linked lists, hash tables, etc.), event loops, and utilities.

7. File and I/O Handling

libmagic: Used for identifying the type of data in files (used in file command).
PCRE (Perl Compatible Regular Expressions): A widely used regular expression library.
inotify: Linux-specific library for monitoring filesystem events.

8. Graphics, Audio, and Media

SDL (Simple DirectMedia Layer): A cross-platform library for handling graphics, audio, and input, widely used in game development.
FFmpeg: A comprehensive library to handle video, audio, and other multimedia files.
cairo: A 2D graphics library supporting multiple output devices (X11, Win32, image buffers, etc.).
portaudio: A cross-platform audio library that enables audio playback and recording.

9. Mathematics, Statistics, and Numerical Libraries

FFTW: A fast Fourier transform library widely used for signal processing.
Armadillo: C++ based but usable in C for linear algebra and scientific computing.
OpenBLAS: An optimized BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) library.
SuiteSparse: A library for sparse matrix computations (useful in scientific computing).
mpfr (Multiple Precision Floating-Point): A library for arbitrary precision arithmetic.

10. XML, YAML, and Serialization

libxml2: A library for parsing XML documents, widely used and maintained.
yaml-c: A simple library for parsing and writing YAML files in C.
protobuf (Google Protocol Buffers): Efficient and flexible for serializing structured data, with a C API.
flatbuffers: A high-performance serialization library optimized for efficiency and simplicity.

11. Concurrency and Parallelism

OpenMP: Provides support for multi-platform shared memory multiprocessing.
OpenMPI: A message-passing interface library for parallel computing.

12. Miscellaneous Utilities

cURL: Already mentioned, but also consider libmicrohttpd for lightweight HTTP/HTTPS web servers.
argp: A command-line argument parsing library commonly used in GNU projects.
jansson (for JSON): You already mentioned it, but others include json-c (lightweight JSON parsing and building library).
inih (INI Not Invented Here): A simple INI file parser in C, useful for configuration management.
Gnuplot C API: If you need graphical plotting in your applications.

13. Testing Frameworks

Check: A unit testing framework for C, useful for building test-driven applications.
CUnit: Another popular lightweight testing framework for C.
Google Test (gtest): Primarily for C++, but can be used in C projects as well.

These libraries cover a wide range of functionalities, from networking to data processing and numerical computation, which makes them great additions to your toolkit. Each of these libraries is mature, well-documented, and widely used in their respective domains.

======================

Query:
Some common b2b suppliers in India (may also support dropshipping)

DeepSeek reply:

If you're looking for top Indian dropshipping suppliers with a good reputation for selling within India, here’s a curated list of reliable platforms and suppliers that cater specifically to the Indian market. These suppliers are known for their quality products, fast shipping, and ease of use:

1. WholesaleBox.in

Overview: A popular B2B platform in India that connects resellers with suppliers.
Products: Fashion, electronics, home decor, beauty, and more.
Why Choose:
- Wide range of products.
- Local suppliers for faster shipping.
- No minimum order quantity (MOQ).
Best For: Beginners and small-scale dropshippers.
Website: WholesaleBox.in

2. IndiaMART

Overview: One of India’s largest B2B marketplaces, connecting buyers and suppliers.
Products: Electronics, fashion, industrial goods, home decor, and more.
Why Choose:
- Huge supplier network.
- Direct communication with suppliers.
- No MOQ for many products.
Best For: Sellers willing to invest time in finding and vetting suppliers.
Website: IndiaMART

3. Udaan

Overview: A fast-growing B2B platform focused on quick delivery and competitive pricing.
Products: Electronics, fashion, home decor, groceries, and more.
Why Choose:
- Fast shipping within India.
- Competitive pricing.
- Wide product range.
Best For: Sellers looking for fast delivery and competitive pricing.
Website: Udaan

4. Go4WorldBusiness

Overview: A global B2B platform with a strong presence of Indian suppliers.
Products: Electronics, fashion, home decor, and more.
Why Choose:
- Access to Indian suppliers.
- No MOQ for many products.
- Easy to use.
Best For: Sellers targeting the Indian market with reliable suppliers.
Website: Go4WorldBusiness

5. TradeIndia

Overview: A B2B platform connecting Indian suppliers with buyers.
Products: Electronics, fashion, industrial goods, and more.
Why Choose:
- Large supplier network.
- No MOQ for many products.
- Direct communication with suppliers.
Best For: Sellers willing to invest time in finding and vetting suppliers.
Website: TradeIndia

6. Just Dropship

Overview: A dropshipping platform specifically designed for Indian sellers.
Products: Fashion, electronics, home decor, and more.
Why Choose:
- Curated list of Indian suppliers.
- No MOQ.
- Easy integration with e-commerce platforms.
Best For: Sellers looking for a dedicated dropshipping platform in India.
Website: Just Dropship

7. Dropship India

Overview: A dropshipping platform offering products from Indian suppliers.
Products: Fashion, electronics, home decor, and more.
Why Choose:
- Focused on the Indian market.
- No MOQ.
- Fast shipping within India.
Best For: Sellers targeting the Indian market.
Website: Dropship India

8. eSources India

Overview: A B2B platform connecting Indian suppliers with resellers.
Products: Electronics, fashion, home decor, and more.
Why Choose:
- Large supplier network.
- No MOQ for many products.
- Direct communication with suppliers.
Best For: Sellers willing to invest time in finding and vetting suppliers.
Website: eSources India

9. ExportersIndia

Overview: A B2B platform connecting Indian suppliers with buyers.
Products: Electronics, fashion, industrial goods, and more.
Why Choose:
- Large supplier network.
- No MOQ for many products.
- Direct communication with suppliers.
Best For: Sellers willing to invest time in finding and vetting suppliers.
Website: ExportersIndia

10. ShopClues Wholesale

Overview: A B2B platform by ShopClues, offering products from Indian suppliers.
Products: Electronics, fashion, home decor, and more.
Why Choose:
- Wide range of products.
- Competitive pricing.
- Fast shipping within India.
Best For: Sellers looking for a trusted platform with a wide product range.
Website: ShopClues Wholesale

Key Tips for Choosing a Supplier

Check Reviews and Ratings:
- Look for suppliers with high ratings and positive reviews.
Test Product Quality:
- Order samples to check product quality before listing them on your website.
Compare Pricing:
- Compare prices across multiple suppliers to ensure competitive pricing.
Evaluate Shipping Times:
- Choose suppliers with fast and reliable shipping.
Check Return Policies:
- Ensure the supplier has a clear and fair return policy.

Final Thoughts

These Indian dropshipping suppliers are reliable and cater specifically to the Indian market. Start with platforms like WholesaleBox.in, Udaan, or Just Dropship for ease of use and fast shipping. As you gain experience, you can explore other platforms like IndiaMART or TradeIndia for a wider product range.

Let me know if you’d like help with setting up your dropshipping business or choosing the right supplier!

C/C++ Postgres libpq execute query with params chatGpt example

PGresult *PQexecParams(PGconn *conn, const char *command, int nParams, const Oid *paramTypes, const char * const *paramValues, const int *paramLengths, const int *paramFormats, int resultFormat); give example

Here’s a basic example demonstrating how to use PQexecParams in C++ to execute a parameterized query in PostgreSQL.

Example: Inserting Data Using `PQexecParams`

Let's assume we are inserting a row into a table called users with the following columns:

id (integer)
name (text)
age (integer)

cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <libpq-fe.h>
#include <memory>
#include <string>

void checkResult(PGresult* res, PGconn* conn) {
    if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) {
        std::cerr << "Execution failed: " << PQerrorMessage(conn) << std::endl;
        PQclear(res);
        PQfinish(conn);
        exit(1);
    }
}

int main() {
    // Connect to the database
    PGconn* conn = PQconnectdb("dbname=yourdb user=youruser password=yourpassword");
    
    if (PQstatus(conn) != CONNECTION_OK) {
        std::cerr << "Connection to database failed: " << PQerrorMessage(conn) << std::endl;
        PQfinish(conn);
        return 1;
    }

    // Query to insert a new user
    const char* command = "INSERT INTO users (id, name, age) VALUES ($1::int4, $2::text, $3::int4)";

    // Parameters
    int nParams = 3;

    // Define the OID types for each parameter (integer and text types)
    Oid paramTypes[] = {23, 25, 23};  // 23 = Oid for integer, 25 = Oid for text

    // Parameter values
    std::string id = "101";
    std::string name = "Alice";
    std::string age = "25";

    const char* paramValues[] = { id.c_str(), name.c_str(), age.c_str() };

    // Specify the lengths of each parameter. If text-based parameters, set to 0.
    int paramLengths[] = { 0, 0, 0 };

    // Specify the format of each parameter (0 = text, 1 = binary)
    int paramFormats[] = { 0, 0, 0 };

    // Result format (0 = text, 1 = binary)
    int resultFormat = 0;

    // Execute the command
    PGresult* res = PQexecParams(
        conn,
        command,
        nParams,
        paramTypes,
        paramValues,
        paramLengths,
        paramFormats,
        resultFormat
    );

    // Check for a successful execution
    checkResult(res, conn);

    std::cout << "Insert successful!" << std::endl;

    // Clean up
    PQclear(res);
    PQfinish(conn);

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

command: The SQL query uses placeholders $1, $2, and $3 to specify the positions for the parameters.
nParams: The number of parameters passed to the query (in this case, 3).
paramTypes[]: The OIDs of the parameter types. We use OIDs 23 for int4 (integers) and 25 for text.
paramValues[]: The actual values for each placeholder in the query.
paramLengths[]: Since all values are text-based, the lengths are set to 0 (indicating null-terminated C-strings).
paramFormats[]: Specifies the format of the parameters (0 for text, 1 for binary). Here, all are text.
resultFormat: The result format. If 0, results are returned in text format.

Notes:

This example assumes a table structure that matches the query.
The checkResult function checks for query execution errors and exits if necessary.
The PQclear(res) and PQfinish(conn) calls ensure proper cleanup of the PGresult and connection.

This C++ example allows for inserting data into a PostgreSQL database in a parameterized manner using PQexecParams.

also giv example using combination of binary n text format

Using a combination of binary and text formats with PQexecParams involves specifying which parameters should be transmitted in binary format and which in text. Similarly, you can request the result in either binary or text format.

In this example, we will insert data into a table where:

id (integer) will be passed in binary format.
name (text) will be passed in text format.
age (integer) will be passed in binary format.

Here's an example illustrating the use of a combination of binary and text formats:

Example: Using Mixed Binary and Text Formats

Assume you have a users table like before:

sql
CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    name TEXT,
    age INT
);

Now, the corresponding C++ code:

cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <libpq-fe.h>
#include <memory>
#include <cstring>
#include <arpa/inet.h>  // For htonl to convert to network byte order

void checkResult(PGresult* res, PGconn* conn) {
    if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) {
        std::cerr << "Execution failed: " << PQerrorMessage(conn) << std::endl;
        PQclear(res);
        PQfinish(conn);
        exit(1);
    }
}

int main() {
    // Connect to the database
    PGconn* conn = PQconnectdb("dbname=yourdb user=youruser password=yourpassword");
    
    if (PQstatus(conn) != CONNECTION_OK) {
        std::cerr << "Connection to database failed: " << PQerrorMessage(conn) << std::endl;
        PQfinish(conn);
        return 1;
    }

    // Query to insert a new user
    const char* command = "INSERT INTO users (id, name, age) VALUES ($1::int4, $2::text, $3::int4)";

    // Parameters
    int nParams = 3;

    // Define the OID types for each parameter (integer and text types)
    Oid paramTypes[] = {23, 25, 23};  // 23 = Oid for integer, 25 = Oid for text

    // Binary representation of `id` and `age`
    int id = 101;
    int age = 25;

    // We need to convert integer values to network byte order for binary transmission.
    int32_t binaryId = htonl(id);
    int32_t binaryAge = htonl(age);

    // Text parameter
    std::string name = "Alice";

    // Parameter values
    const char* paramValues[] = {
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&binaryId),  // Pass id as binary
        name.c_str(),                             // Pass name as text
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&binaryAge)  // Pass age as binary
    };

    // Specify the lengths of each parameter (binary parameters need their actual size, text = 0)
    int paramLengths[] = { sizeof(binaryId), 0, sizeof(binaryAge) };

    // Specify the format of each parameter (0 = text, 1 = binary)
    int paramFormats[] = { 1, 0, 1 };  // id and age in binary, name in text

    // Result format (0 = text, 1 = binary)
    int resultFormat = 0;  // Requesting result in text format

    // Execute the command
    PGresult* res = PQexecParams(
        conn,
        command,
        nParams,
        paramTypes,
        paramValues,
        paramLengths,
        paramFormats,
        resultFormat
    );

    // Check for a successful execution
    checkResult(res, conn);

    std::cout << "Insert successful!" << std::endl;

    // Clean up
    PQclear(res);
    PQfinish(conn);

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

paramTypes[]: We specify the OIDs of the types: 23 for int4 (integer) and 25 for text.
Binary Integer Conversion:
- PostgreSQL expects integers in network byte order when transmitted as binary. The function htonl (Host to Network Long) is used to convert integers to network byte order.
- We pass binaryId and binaryAge as binary parameters using reinterpret_cast<const char*> to treat them as raw byte data.
Text and Binary Formats:
- paramFormats[]: This specifies the format of each parameter:
  - 1 indicates binary format for id and age.
  - 0 indicates text format for name.
paramLengths[]:
- For binary parameters, we specify the size of the data in bytes (sizeof(int32_t)).
- For text parameters, the length is set to 0 as the C string is null-terminated.
Result Format:
- The result format is set to 0, meaning we request the result (if any) in text format.

Output:

The program inserts the row (id = 101, name = Alice, age = 25) into the users table using a combination of binary and text formats.

Important Notes:

For binary parameters (like id and age), we ensure they are in network byte order using htonl.
Binary parameters are passed as raw byte arrays using reinterpret_cast<const char*>.
The result format can be either text (0) or binary (1), depending on how you want to handle the response data.

This approach allows you to mix both text and binary formats in your queries, depending on what suits your data or performance needs.

----------------------------------------

PGresult *PQdescribePortal(PGconn *conn, const char *portalName); what is portal?

In PostgreSQL, a portal represents a cursor or the internal name for a query result in a session. It is mainly used when executing queries that are intended to return a large amount of data, especially in scenarios where you want to fetch a portion of the result at a time.

Key Points About Portals:

Cursors: When you declare and use a cursor in PostgreSQL, it creates a portal. A cursor allows you to retrieve query results incrementally (i.e., a few rows at a time) instead of loading the entire result set into memory.
For example:
```
sql
DECLARE my_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM my_table;
FETCH 10 FROM my_cursor;
```
Explicit and Implicit Portals:
- Explicit Portals: Created when you explicitly declare a cursor using SQL's DECLARE CURSOR statement.
- Implicit Portals: PostgreSQL also creates a portal for every SQL query executed by the server. However, these portals are usually unnamed and are not used directly in most typical SQL queries.
How Portals Work:
- When a portal (cursor) is created, PostgreSQL prepares to execute a query but doesn't fetch all the data immediately. Instead, it retrieves rows in chunks when you use commands like FETCH or MOVE.
- This behavior is especially useful for large result sets, as it helps conserve memory by not loading the entire dataset at once.

Portals in the Context of libpq (C Library):

In the PostgreSQL C client library (libpq), portals are relevant when you want to perform extended query protocol operations like fetching rows from a cursor (portal).
PQdescribePortal is a function used to retrieve information about the portal, such as the result types (columns) that it will produce when rows are fetched.

Example in C:

c
PGconn *conn = PQconnectdb("dbname=mydb user=myuser password=mypass");
PGresult *res = PQexec(conn, "DECLARE my_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM my_table");

// Describe the portal (cursor) named 'my_cursor'
PGresult *descRes = PQdescribePortal(conn, "my_cursor");

if (PQresultStatus(descRes) == PGRES_COMMAND_OK) {
    printf("Portal described successfully.\n");
} else {
    printf("Error describing portal: %s\n", PQerrorMessage(conn));
}

PQclear(res);
PQclear(descRes);
PQfinish(conn);

Fetching Rows from a Portal: After a portal is created, you can fetch rows from it using the FETCH command (or equivalent libpq functions). This allows you to control how many rows you retrieve from the result set at a time.
Closing a Portal: Once you're done with a portal, you can explicitly close it using the CLOSE command or allow it to be closed implicitly when the session ends.

Use Case:

Portals are commonly used when querying large tables where you want to retrieve results incrementally, either for performance reasons (memory management) or to allow for processing results in chunks without waiting for the entire result set to be returned.

Blog - Mohit Kumar Gupta

libzip, libcurl, libwebsockets, jansson json, gsl what other good libraries in C? (chatGpt discussions)

1. Networking and Protocols

2. Compression and Archiving

3. Database and Storage

4. Cryptography and Security

5. Concurrency and Multithreading

6. Data Structures and Algorithms

7. File and I/O Handling

8. Graphics, Audio, and Media

9. Mathematics, Statistics, and Numerical Libraries

10. XML, YAML, and Serialization

11. Concurrency and Parallelism

12. Miscellaneous Utilities

13. Testing Frameworks

1. WholesaleBox.in

2. IndiaMART

3. Udaan

4. Go4WorldBusiness

5. TradeIndia

6. Just Dropship

7. Dropship India

8. eSources India

9. ExportersIndia

10. ShopClues Wholesale

Key Tips for Choosing a Supplier

Final Thoughts

C/C++ Postgres libpq execute query with params chatGpt example

Example: Inserting Data Using `PQexecParams`

Explanation:

Notes:

Example: Using Mixed Binary and Text Formats

Explanation:

Output:

Important Notes:

Key Points About Portals:

Use Case:

Regarding site Free Browser Tool (https://free-browser-tools.mohitkrgupta.dev) (discussion with google search AI)

Search This Blog

libzip, libcurl, libwebsockets, jansson json, gsl what other good libraries in C? (chatGpt discussions)

ChatGPT said:

1. Networking and Protocols

2. Compression and Archiving

3. Database and Storage

4. Cryptography and Security

5. Concurrency and Multithreading

6. Data Structures and Algorithms

7. File and I/O Handling

8. Graphics, Audio, and Media

9. Mathematics, Statistics, and Numerical Libraries

10. XML, YAML, and Serialization

11. Concurrency and Parallelism

12. Miscellaneous Utilities

13. Testing Frameworks

1. WholesaleBox.in

2. IndiaMART

3. Udaan

4. Go4WorldBusiness

5. TradeIndia

6. Just Dropship

7. Dropship India

8. eSources India

9. ExportersIndia

10. ShopClues Wholesale

Key Tips for Choosing a Supplier

Final Thoughts

C/C++ Postgres libpq execute query with params chatGpt example

ChatGPT said:

Example: Inserting Data Using PQexecParams

Explanation:

Notes:

You said:

ChatGPT said:

Example: Using Mixed Binary and Text Formats

Explanation:

Output:

Important Notes:

ChatGPT said:

Key Points About Portals:

Use Case:

Regarding site Free Browser Tool (https://free-browser-tools.mohitkrgupta.dev) (discussion with google search AI)

Example: Inserting Data Using `PQexecParams`